<h2><SPAN name="CHAPTER_PI_V" id="CHAPTER_PI_V"></SPAN>CHAPTER V.</h2>
<h3>ABOUT THE KINDS OF WOMEN RESORTED TO BY THE CITIZENS, AND OF FRIENDS AND MESSENGERS.</h3>
<p>When Kama is practised by men of the four castes according to the rules
of the Holy Writ (<i>i.e.</i>, by lawful marriage) with virgins of their own
caste, it then becomes a means of acquiring lawful progeny and good
fame, and it is not also opposed to the customs of the world. On the
contrary the practice of Kama with women of the higher castes, and with
those previously enjoyed by others, even though they be of the same
caste, is prohibited. But the practice of Kama with women of the lower
castes, with women excommunicated from their own caste, with public
women, and with women twice married,<SPAN name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></SPAN><SPAN href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</SPAN> is neither enjoined nor
prohibited. The object of practising Kama with such women is pleasure
only.</p>
<p>Nayikas,<SPAN name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></SPAN><SPAN href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</SPAN> therefore, are of three kinds, viz., maids, women twice
married, and public women. Gonikaputra has expressed an opinion that
there is a fourth kind of Nayika, viz., a woman who is resorted to on
some special occasion even though she be previously married to another.
These special occasions are when a man thinks thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>a</i>). This woman is self-willed, and has been previously enjoyed
by many others besides myself. I may, therefore, safely resort to
her as to a public woman though she belongs to a higher caste than
mine, and in so doing I shall not be violating the ordinances of
Dharma.</p>
</div>
<p><span class='pagenum'><SPAN name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></SPAN></span></p>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>b</i>). This is a twice-married woman and has been enjoyed by others
before me, there is, therefore, no objection to my resorting to
her.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>c</i>). This woman has gained the heart of her great and powerful
husband, and exercises a mastery over him, who is a friend of my
enemy; if, therefore, she becomes united with me, she will cause
her husband to abandon my enemy.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>d</i>). This woman will turn the mind of her husband, who is very
powerful, in my favour, he being at present disaffected towards me,
and intent on doing me some harm.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>e</i>). By making this woman my friend I shall gain the object of
some friend of mine, or shall be able to effect the ruin of some
enemy, or shall accomplish some other difficult purpose.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>f</i>). By being united with this woman, I shall kill her husband,
and so obtain his vast riches which I covet.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>g</i>). The union of this woman with me is not attended with any
danger, and will bring me wealth, of which, on account of my
poverty and inability to support myself, I am very much in need. I
shall, therefore, obtain her vast riches in this way without any
difficulty.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>h</i>). This woman loves me ardently, and knows all my weak points,
if therefore, I am unwilling to be united with her, she will make
my faults public, and thus tarnish my character and reputation. Or
she will bring some gross accusation against me, of which it may be
hard to clear myself, and I shall be ruined. Or perhaps she will
detach from me her husband, who is powerful, and yet under her
control, and will unite him to my enemy, or will herself join the
latter.</p>
</div>
<p><span class='pagenum'><SPAN name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></SPAN></span>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>i</i>). The husband of this woman has violated the chastity of my
wives, I shall therefore return that injury by seducing his wives.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>j</i>). By the help of this woman I shall kill an enemy of the king,
who has taken shelter with her, and whom I am ordered by the king
to destroy.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>k</i>). The woman whom I love is under the control of this woman. I
shall, through the influence of the latter, be able to get at the
former.</p>
</div>
<p>Or thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>l</i>). This woman will bring to me a maid, who possesses wealth and
beauty, but who is hard to get at, and under the control of
another.</p>
</div>
<p>Or, lastly, thus:—</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>(<i>m</i>). My enemy is a friend of this woman's husband, I shall
therefore cause her to join him, and will thus create an enmity
between her husband and him.</p>
</div>
<p>For these and similar other reasons the wives of other men may be
resorted to, but it must be distinctly understood that is only allowed
for special reasons, and not for mere carnal desire.</p>
<p>Charayana thinks that under these circumstances there is also a fifth
kind of Nayika, viz., a woman who is kept by a minister, and who repairs
to him occasionally; or a widow who accomplishes the purpose of a man
with the person to whom she resorts.</p>
<p>Suvarnanabha adds that a woman who passes the life of an ascetic and in
the condition of a widow may be considered as a sixth kind of Nayika.</p>
<p>Ghotakamukha says that the daughter of a public woman, and a female
servant, who are still virgins, form a seventh kind of Nayika.</p>
<p>Gonardiya puts forth his doctrine that any woman born of good family,
after she has come of age, is an eighth kind of Nayika.</p>
<p>But these four latter kinds of Nayikas do not differ much from the first
four kinds of them, as there is no separate<span class='pagenum'><SPAN name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></SPAN></span> object in resorting to
them. Therefore Vatsyayana is of opinion that there are only four kinds
of Nayikas, <i>i.e.</i>, the maid, the twice married woman, the public woman,
and the woman resorted to for a special purpose.</p>
<p>The following women are not to be enjoyed:—</p>
<ul style="list-style: none;">
<li>A leper.</li>
<li>A lunatic.</li>
<li>A woman turned out of caste.</li>
<li>A woman who reveals secrets.</li>
<li>A woman who publicly expresses desire for sexual intercourse.</li>
<li>A woman who is extremely white.</li>
<li>A woman who is extremely black.</li>
<li>A bad-smelling woman.</li>
<li>A woman who is a near relation.</li>
<li>A woman who is a female friend.</li>
<li>A woman who leads the life of an ascetic.</li>
<li>And, lastly, the wife of a relation, of a friend, of a learned Brahman,
and of the king.</li>
</ul>
<p>The followers of Babhravya say that any woman who has been enjoyed by
five men is a fit and proper person to be enjoyed. But Gonikaputra is of
opinion that even when this is the case, the wives of a relation, of a
learned Brahman and of a king should be excepted.</p>
<p>The following are the kind of friends:—</p>
<ul style="list-style: none;">
<li>One who has played with you in the dust, <i>i.e.</i>, in childhood.</li>
<li>One who is bound by an obligation.</li>
<li>One who is of the same disposition and fond of the same things.</li>
<li>One who is a fellow student.</li>
<li>One who is acquainted with your secrets and faults, and whose faults and
secrets are also known to you.</li>
<li>One who is a child of your nurse.</li>
<li>One who is brought up with you.</li>
<li>One who is an hereditary friend.</li>
</ul>
<p>These friends should possess the following qualities:—</p>
<ul style="list-style: none;">
<li>They should tell the truth.</li>
<li>They should not be changed by time.</li>
<li>They should be favourable to your designs.</li>
<li>They should be firm.</li>
<li><span class='pagenum'><SPAN name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></SPAN></span>They should be free from covetousness.</li>
<li>They should not be capable of being gained over by others.</li>
<li>They should not reveal your secrets.</li>
</ul>
<p>Charayana says that citizens form friendship with washermen, barbers,
cowherds, florists, druggists, betel-leaf sellers, tavern keepers,
beggars, Pithamardas, Vitas and Vidushekas, as also with the wives of
all these people.</p>
<ul style="list-style: none;">
<li>A messenger should possess the following qualities:—</li>
<li>Skilfulness.</li>
<li>Boldness.</li>
<li>Knowledge of the intention of men by their outward signs.</li>
<li>Absence of confusion, <i>i.e.</i>, no shyness.</li>
<li>Knowledge of the exact meaning of what others do or say.</li>
<li>Good manners.</li>
<li>Knowledge of appropriate times and places for doing different things.</li>
<li>Ingenuity in business.</li>
<li>Quick comprehension.</li>
<li>Quick application of remedies, <i>i.e.</i>, quick and ready resources.</li>
<li>And this part ends with a verse:—</li>
</ul>
<p>The man who is ingenious and wise, who is accompanied by a friend, and
who knows the intentions of others, as also the proper time and place
for doing everything, can gain over, very easily, even a woman who is
very hard to be obtained.</p>
<p class="fm3"><span class="smcap">End of Part I.</span></p>
<hr style="width: 65%;" />
<p><span class='pagenum'><SPAN name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></SPAN></span></p>
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