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<h2> LETTER CXLVIII </h2>
<h3> GREENWICH, June 20, O. S. 1751 </h3>
<p>MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what
they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be
unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time
to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see
and hear as you should do. Frivolous, futile people, who make at least
three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their
frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the
Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and
the French Comedy, in France. A man of parts sees and hears very
differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more. He examines and
informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more
particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination. Your
destination is political; the object, therefore, of your inquiries and
observations should be the political interior of things; the forms of
government, laws, regulations, customs, trade, manufactures, etc., of the
several nations of Europe. This knowledge is much better acquired by
conversation with sensible and well-informed people, than by books, the
best of which upon these subjects are always imperfect. For example, there
are "Present States" of France, as there are of England; but they are
always defective, being published by people uninformed, who only copy one
another; they are, however, worth looking into because they point out
objects for inquiry, which otherwise might possibly never have occurred to
one's mind; but an hour's conversation with a sensible president or
'conseiller' will let you more into the true state of the parliament of
Paris, than all the books in France. In the same manner, the 'Almanack
Militaire' is worth your having; but two or three conversations with
officers will inform you much better of their military regulations. People
have, commonly, a partiality for their own professions, love to talk of
them, and are even flattered by being consulted upon the subject; when,
therefore, you are with any of those military gentlemen (and you can
hardly be in any company without some), ask them military questions,
inquire into their methods of discipline, quartering, and clothing their
men; inform yourself of their pay, their perquisites, 'lours montres,
lours etapes', etc. Do the same as to the marine, and make yourself
particularly master of that detail; which has, and always will have, a
great relation to the affairs of England; and, in proportion as you get
good informations, take minutes of them in writing.</p>
<p>The regulations of trade and commerce in France are excellent, as appears
but too plainly for us, by the great increase of both, within these thirty
years; for not to mention their extensive commerce in both the East and
West Indies, they have got the whole trade of the Levant from us; and now
supply all the foreign markets with their sugars, to the ruin almost of
our sugar colonies, as Jamaica, Barbadoes, and the Leeward Islands. Get,
therefore, what informations you can of these matters also.</p>
<p>Inquire too into their church matters; for which the present disputes
between the court and the clergy give you fair and frequent opportunities.
Know the particular rights of the Gallican church, in opposition to the
pretensions of the See of Rome. I need not recommend ecclesiastical
history to you, since I hear that you study 'Du Pin' very assiduously.</p>
<p>You cannot imagine how much this solid and useful knowledge of other
countries will distinguish you in your own (where, to say the truth, it is
very little known or cultivated), besides the great use it is of in all
foreign negotiations; not to mention that it enables a man to shine in all
companies. When kings and princes have any knowledge, it is of this sort,
and more particularly; and therefore it is the usual topic of their levee
conversations, in which it will qualify you to bear a considerable part;
it brings you more acquainted with them; and they are pleased to have
people talk to them on a subject in which they think to shine.</p>
<p>There is a sort of chit-chat, or SMALL TALK, which is the general run of
conversation at courts, and in most mixed companies. It is a sort of
middling conversation, neither silly nor edifying; but, however, very
necessary for you to become master of. It turns upon the public events of
Europe, and then is at its best; very often upon the number, the goodness
or badness, the discipline, or the clothing of the troops of different
princes; sometimes upon the families, the marriages, the relations of
princes, and considerable people; and sometimes 'sur le bon chere', the
magnificence of public entertainments, balls, masquerades, etc. I would
wish you to be able to talk upon all these things better, and with more
knowledge than other people; insomuch that upon those occasions, you
should be applied to, and that people should say, I DARE SAY MR. STANHOPE
CAN TELL US.</p>
<p>Second-rate knowledge and middling talents carry a man further at courts,
and in the busy part of the world, than superior knowledge and shining
parts. Tacitus very justly accounts for a man's having always kept in
favor and enjoyed the best employments under the tyrannical reigns of
three or four of the very worst emperors, by saying that it was not
'propter aliquam eximiam artem, sed quia par negotiis neque supra erat'.
Discretion is the great article; all these things are to be learned, and
only learned by keeping a great deal of the best company. Frequent those
good houses where you have already a footing, and wriggle yourself somehow
or other into every other. Haunt the courts particularly in order to get
that ROUTINE.</p>
<p>This moment I receive yours of the 18th N. S. You will have had some time
ago my final answers concerning the pictures; and, by my last, an account
that the mohairs were gone to Madame Morel, at Calais, with the proper
directions.</p>
<p>I am sorry that your two sons-in-law [?? D.W.], the Princes B——,
are such boobies; however, as they have the honor of being so nearly
related to you, I will show them what civilities I can.</p>
<p>I confess you have not time for long absences from Paris, at present,
because of your various masters, all which I would have you apply to
closely while you are now in that capital; but when you return thither,
after the visit you intend me the honor of, I do not propose your having
any master at all, except Marcel, once or twice a week. And then the
courts will, I hope, be no longer strange countries to you; for I would
have you run down frequently to Versailles and St. Cloud, for three or
four days at a time. You know the Abbe de la Ville, who will present you
to others, so that you will soon be 'faufile' with the rest of the court.
Court is the soil in which you are to grow and flourish; you ought to be
well acquainted with the nature of it; like all other soil, it is in some
places deeper, in others lighter, but always capable of great improvement
by cultivation and experience.</p>
<p>You say that you want some hints for a letter to Lady Chesterfield; more
use and knowledge of the world will teach you occasionally to write and
talk genteelly, 'sup des riens', which I can tell you is a very useful
part upon worldly knowledge; for in some companies, it would be imprudent
to talk of anything else; and with very many people it is impossible to
talk of anything else; they would not understand you. Adieu.</p>
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