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Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, Volume XI, North Carolina Narratives, Part 2

<h1>SLAVE NARRATIVES</h1> <h2> A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves </h2> <h4> TYPEWRITTEN RECORDS PREPARED BY THE FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT 1936-1938 ASSEMBLED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROJECT WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SPONSORED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS </h4> <h3>Illustrated with Photographs </h3> <h4>WASHINGTON 1941</h4> <hr style="width: 25%;" /> <h2> VOLUME XI NORTH CAROLINA NARRATIVES PART 2 </h2> <h3> Prepared by the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of North Carolina </h3> [HW:] = Handwritten notes by original editor. [TR:] = Inline transcriber notes. See end of document for additional notes. <hr style="width: 95%;" /> <h2>INFORMANTS</h2> <div class='toc'> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="35%" summary="informants"> <tr><td align='left'>Jackson, John H.</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Johnson, Ben</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Johnson, Isaac</td><td align='right'>14</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Johnson, Tina</td><td align='right'>20</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Jones, Bob</td><td align='right'>23</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Jones, Clara</td><td align='right'>27, 30</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Jordon, Abner</td><td align='right'>34</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Lassiter, Jane</td><td align='right'>37</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Lawson, Dave</td><td align='right'>43</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Lee, Jane</td><td align='right'>51</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Littlejohn, Chana</td><td align='right'>54</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>McAllister, Charity</td><td align='right'>60</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>McCoy, Clara Cotton</td><td align='right'>64</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>McCullers, Henrietta</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>McCullough, Willie</td><td align='right'>76</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>McLean, James Turner</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Magwood, Frank</td><td align='right'>90</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Manson, Jacob</td><td align='right'>95</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Manson, Roberta</td><td align='right'>100</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Markham, Millie</td><td align='right'>105</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Mials, Maggie</td><td align='right'>109</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Mitchel, Anna</td><td align='right'>113</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Mitchner, Patsy</td><td align='right'>116</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Moore, Emeline</td><td align='right'>124</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Moore, Fannie</td><td align='right'>127</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Moring, Richard C.</td><td align='right'>138</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Nelson, Julius</td><td align='right'>143</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Nichols, Lila</td><td align='right'>147</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Organ, Martha</td><td align='right'>151</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Parker, Ann</td><td align='right'>155</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Penny, Amy</td><td align='right'>158</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Perry, Lily</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Perry, Valley</td><td align='right'>167</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Pitts, Tempe</td><td align='right'>173</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Plummer, Hannah</td><td align='right'>177</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Pool, Parker</td><td align='right'>183</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Raines, Rena</td><td align='right'>192</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Ransome, Anthony</td><td align='right'>196</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Richardson, Caroline</td><td align='right'>198</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Riddick, Charity</td><td align='right'>203</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Riddick, Simuel</td><td align='right'>207</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Rienshaw, Adora</td><td align='right'>212</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Robinson, Celia</td><td align='right'>216</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Rogers, George</td><td align='right'>220</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Rogers, Hattie</td><td align='right'>226</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Rountree, Henry</td><td align='right'>232</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Scales, Anderson</td><td align='right'>236</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Scales, Catherine</td><td align='right'>244</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Scales, Porter</td><td align='right'>252</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Scott, William</td><td align='right'>259</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Shaw, Tiney</td><td align='right'>265</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Smith, John</td><td align='right'>269</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Smith, John</td><td align='right'>276</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Smith, Josephine</td><td align='right'>281</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Smith, Nellie</td><td align='right'>285</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Smith, Sarah Ann</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Smith, William</td><td align='right'>292</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Sorrell, Laura</td><td align='right'>295</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Sorrell, Ria</td><td align='right'>299</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Spell, Chaney</td><td align='right'>306</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Spikes, Tanner</td><td align='right'>309</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Stephenson, Annie</td><td align='right'>312</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Stewart, Sam T.</td><td align='right'>316</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Stone, Emma</td><td align='right'>324</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Sykes, William</td><td align='right'>327</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Taylor, Annie</td><td align='right'>332</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Taylor, R.S.</td><td align='right'>335</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Thomas, Elias</td><td align='right'>342</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Thomas, Jacob</td><td align='right'>348</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Thornton, Margaret</td><td align='right'>352</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Tillie</td><td align='right'>355</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Trell, Ellen</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Trentham, Henry James</td><td align='right'>363</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Upperman, Jane Anne Privette</td><td align='right'>367</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Whitley, Ophelia</td><td align='right'>371</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Wilcox, Tom</td><td align='right'>376</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Williams, Catharine</td><td align='right'>380</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Williams, Rev. Handy</td><td align='right'>385</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Williams, John Thomas</td><td align='right'>390</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Williams, Lizzie</td><td align='right'>394</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Williams, Penny</td><td align='right'>401</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Williams, Plaz</td><td align='right'>406</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Williamson, Melissa</td><td align='right'>410</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Woods, Alex</td><td align='right'>414</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Wright, Anna</td><td align='right'>420</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Yellady, Dilly</td><td align='right'>425</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Yellerday, Hilliard</td><td align='right'>431</td></tr> </table></div> <hr style="width: 95%;" /> <h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> <div class='toc'> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="35%" summary="photos"> <tr><td align='left'>Tina Johnson</td><td align='right'>20</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Fannie Moore</td><td align='right'>127</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Julius Nelson</td><td align='right'>143</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Lila Nichols</td><td align='right'>147</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Tempe Pitts</td><td align='right'>173</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Adora Rienshaw</td><td align='right'>212</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>William Scott</td><td align='right'>259</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Tiney Shaw</td><td align='right'>265</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>John Smith</td><td align='right'>269</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Josephine Smith</td><td align='right'>281</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Sam T. Stewart</td><td align='right'>316</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>William Sykes</td><td align='right'>327</td></tr> </table></div> <hr style="width: 95%;" /> [Pg 1] <div class='left'> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="jackson"> <tr><td align='left'>N.C. District:</td><td align='left'>No. 2</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Worker:</td><td align='left'>Mrs. W.N. Harriss</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>No. Words:</td><td align='left'>1363</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Subject:</td><td align='left'>Memories of Uncle Jackson</td></tr> <tr><td align='left'>Interviewed:    </td><td align='left'>John H. Jackson 309 S. Sixth St. Wilmington, N.C.</td></tr> </table></div> [TR: Date stamp: JUN 26 1937] <hr style="width: 25%;" /> [Pg 2] <h2>MEMORIES OF UNCLE JACKSON</h2> "I was born in 1851, in the yard where my owner lived next door to the City Hall. I remember when they was finishin' up the City Hall. I also remember the foreman, Mr. James Walker, he was general manager. The overseen (overseer) was Mr. Keen. I remember all the bricklayers; they all was colored. The man that plastered the City Hall was named George Price, he plastered it inside. The men that plastered the City Hall outside and put those colum's up in the front, their names was Robert Finey and William Finey, they both was colored. Jim Artis now was a contractor an' builder. He done a lot of work 'round Wilmin'ton. "Yes'm, they was slaves, mos' all the fine work 'round Wilmin'ton was done by slaves. They called 'em artisans. None of 'em could read, but give 'em any plan an' they could foller it to the las' line." Interviewer: "Did the owner collect the pay for the labor, Uncle Jackson?" "No, ma'm. That they did'n. We had a lot of them artisans 'mongst our folks. They all lived on our place with they fam'lies. They hired theyselves where they pleased. They colle'ted they pay, an' the onliest thing the owner took was enough to support they fam'lies. They all lived in our[Pg 3] yard, it was a great big place, an' they wimmen cooked for 'em and raised the chilluns. "You know, they lays a heap o' stress on edication these days. But edication is one thing an' fireside trainin' is another. We had fireside trainin'. "We went to church regular. All our people marched behind our owners, an' sat up in the galle'y of the white folks church. Now, them that went to St. James Church behind their white folks didn' dare look at nobody else. 'Twant allowed. They were taught they were better than anybody else. That was called the 'silk stockin' church. Nobody else was fitten to look at. "My mother was the laund'ess for the white folks. In those days ladies wore clo'es, an' plenty of 'em. My daddy was one of the part Indian folks. My mammy was brought here from Washin'ton City, an' when her owner went back home he sold her to my folks. You know, round Washin'ton an' up that way they was Ginny (Guinea) niggers, an' that's what my mammy was. We had a lot of these malatto negroes round here, they was called 'Shuffer Tonies', they was free issues and part Indian. The leader of 'em was James Sampson. We child'en was told to play in our own yard and not have nothin' to do with free issue chil'en or the common chil'en 'cross the street, white or colored, because they was'nt fitten to 'sociate with us. You see our owners was rich folks.[Pg 4] Our big house is the one where the ladies of Sokosis (Sorosis) has their Club House, an' our yard spread all round there, an' our house servants, an' some of the bes' artisans in Wilmin'ton lived in our yard. "You know, I'm not tellin' you things what have been told me, but I'm tellin' you things I knows. "I remember when the Zoabbes company came from Georgia here to Wilmin'ton an' they had all ladies as officers.[1] "I remember when the Confederates captured part of the Union Army at Fort Sumter, S.C., and they brought them here to Wilmin'ton and put them out under Fourth Street bridge, and the white ladies of Wilmin'ton, N.C. cooked food and carried it by baskets full to them. We all had plenty of food. A warehouse full of everything down there by the river nigh Red Cross Street, an' none of us ever went hungry 'till the war was over. "I remember when Gen'ral Grant's Army came to the river. They mounted guns to boombar the city. Mr. John Dawson an' Mr. Silas Martin, they went on the corner of Second an' Nun Streets on the top of Ben Berry's house an' run up a white sheet for a flag, an' the Yankees did'n'[Pg 5] boombar us. An' Mr. Martin gave his house up to the Progro Marshells, and my mother cleaned up the house an' washed for them. Her name was Caroline West. "I remember when that Provo Marshell told the colored people that any house in Wilmin'ton they liked, that was empty, they could go take it, an' the first one they took was the fine Bellamy Mansion on Market an' Fifth Street." "Uncle Jackson", asked the interviewer, "don't you remember that house was headquarters of the Federal Army? How could colored people occupy it?" Uncle Jackson: "I don't remember nothin' about Federal soldiers bein' in that house, but I'm tellin' you I knows a lot of common colored folks was in it because I seen 'em sittin' on the piazza an' all up an' down those big front steps. I seen 'em. Nice colored people wouldn't 'a gone there. They had respec' for theirselves an' their white folks. But Dr. Bellamy came home soon with his fam'ly an' those colored people got out. They wan't there long. "Endurin' of slavery I toted water for the fam'ly to drink. I remember when there was springs under where the new Court House is now, and all the white folks livin' 'round there drank water from those springs. They called it Jacob Spring. There was also a spring on Market Street between Second and Third Streets, that was called McCrayer (McCrary) spring. They didn't 'low nobody but rich folks to get water from that spring. Of co'se I got mine there[Pg 6] whenever I chose to tote it that far. We did'n' work so hard in those days. I don't know nothin' about field han's an' workmen on the river, but so far as I knows the carpenters an' people like that started work at 8 o'clock A.M. and stopped at 5 o'clock P.M. Of course 'round the house it was different. Our folks done pretty much what the white folks did because we was all pretty much one an' other. "Did I ever know of any slaves bein' whipped? I seen plenty of 'em whipped over at the jail, but them was bad niggers, (this with a grimace of disgust, and shaking of the head), they needed whippin'. But (with a chuckle) I sho' would have hated to see anybody put they han's on one of my owner's people. We was all 'spectable an' did'n know nothin' about whippen. Our mammy's spanked us aplenty, yes mam they did. "I remember when they didn't have no trussels 'cross either river, an' they had a passages boat by the name of Walker Moore, an' the warf was up there by the Charlotte railroad (S.A.L.) The Boat would take you from there to the bluff an' then you would have to catch the train to go to Greensboro, and other places in No'th Carolina. "I remember when the Fourth Street Fire Department bell was in front of the City Hall. An' Mr. Maginny had his school right back of the City Hall. "I believe we was all happy as slaves because we[Pg 7] had the best of kere (care). I don't believe none of us was sold off because I never heard tell of it. I have always served nice folks an' never 'sociated with any other kind. I brought up Mis ——'s chil'ren an' now she gives me a life intrust in this place I lives in. I hav'nt never to say really wanted for anything. I hav'nt never bothered with wimmen, an' had nothin' to bother me. "I mus' tell you' bout Gov'ner Dudley's election, an' the free issue niggers. They say Mr. Dudley told 'em if they'd vote for him he'd do more for 'em than any man ever had. So they voted for him an' he was elected. Then he ups an' calls a const'utional convention in Raleigh an' had all the voting taken away from 'em. An' that the big thing he done for em."[2] <div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> <div class="footnote">[1] Note: Have not been able to verify this memory, and think perhaps the unusual uniforms of the Zoaves caused the small boy to think they were women, or some adult may have amused themselves by telling him so. </div> <div class="footnote">[2] Note: Governor Dudley was elected before Uncle Jackson was born, but he enjoyed thoroughly telling this joke on the 'free issue niggers'. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 95%;" /> <div style="break-after:column;"></div>

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