<SPAN name="startofbook"></SPAN>
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<ANTIMG src="images/cover.png" width-obs="380" height-obs="571" alt="Our Feathered Friends, by Elizabeth Grinnell And Joseph Grinnell" /></div>
<hr class="chap" />
<div id="frontis" class="fig_center" style="width: 391px;">
<ANTIMG src="images/frontis.png" width-obs="391" height-obs="586" alt="" />
<div class="fig_caption">THE WAX-WING</div>
</div>
<hr class="chap" />
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[ i ]</SPAN></span></p>
<h1>OUR FEATHERED FRIENDS</h1>
<p class="tdc">BY</p>
<p class="caption2">ELIZABETH GRINNELL</p>
<p class="tdc">AND</p>
<p class="caption2">JOSEPH GRINNELL</p>
<div class="fig_center" style="width: 45px;">
<ANTIMG src="images/logo.png" width-obs="45" height-obs="45" alt="leaf logo" /></div>
<p class="tdc">BOSTON, U.S.A.</p>
<p class="tdc">D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS</p>
<p class="tdc pmb4">1899</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ ii ]</SPAN></span></p>
<p class="tdc pmt2"><span class="smcap">Copyright</span>, 1898,</p>
<p class="tdc pmt2">By D. C. HEATH & CO.</p>
<p class="tdc">TYPOGRAPHY BY J. S. CUSHING & CO., NORWOOD, MASS.</p>
<p class="tdc pmb4">PRESSWORK BY ROCKWELL & CHURCHILL, BOSTON.</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[ iii ]</SPAN></span></p>
<h2><SPAN name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION.</SPAN></h2>
<p><span class="smcap">This</span> volume really needs little by way of introduction.
No one can mistake the evident love for our
feathered friends, the kindly assistance that has been
given them, and the success of the authors in imparting
to others much of that pleasure which they have undoubtedly
derived from their studies.</p>
<p>The same recreation lies within the power of all who
through inattention and thoughtlessness neglect the
almost priceless relief from daily burdens afforded by
such pursuits. Every one can learn something of the
ways and doings of our little friends, even though he
may never write a book or put a pen to paper concerning
them.</p>
<p>Knowledge thus acquired is not wasted; it elevates the mind and
trains the senses, so that in after life the habits of observing and
noting frequently become of great use, and are never a detriment.</p>
<p>Our authors have set forth the wanton destruction of
bird life consequent upon the use of feathers and parts
of birds to ornament hats. They have in no way misstated;
for tens of thousands of birds are annually
<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[ iv ]</SPAN></span>
offered on the altar of fashion to gratify a cruel and
barbarous survival of savage adornment. Yet the male
friend of the lady who wears upon her head a gorgeous
array of mutilated, misshapen, and dyed birdskins may
have done something to assist in a similar destruction
of bird life. As a boy perhaps he wantonly deprived
some bird of her eggs; and later, when possessed of a
gun, he may have shown little discretion or thought
when depriving the nestling of a mother or father who
alone could feed and protect it. And as a man, too
often it may be, he has allowed savage instincts to dominate
his acts instead of the knowledge derived from
experience and thought.</p>
<p>It lies within the power of many who will read these
pages to assist in the distribution of evidence and in
the enlightenment of others, to the end that the useless
slaughter of birds and the destruction of their eggs
may be prevented, or at least greatly mitigated.</p>
<p>Within a few years past efforts have been made to
have one day a year in the schools set aside to study and
consider the ways and interests of our feathered friends.
The matter is of national importance, and deserves the
interest that has been taken in it; but without the
hearty cooperation of teachers and their efforts to interest
and instruct their charges, there is little likelihood
of accomplishing the end desired.</p>
<p>Each farmer or occupier of a tract of land has it
<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[ v ]</SPAN></span>
within his power to set aside some portion of otherwise
non-usable land to afford shelter and concealment for
many birds, and to protect those useful species that
select and require special locations in which to rear
their young. The presence of birds in a locality lends
a charm to the landscape which nothing else can lend.
An abundance of useful and attractive species may be
encouraged to remain and breed if heed is paid to their
requirements, and efforts to disturb them in their orderly
pursuits be prevented. With slight care such
species as are not a detriment or nuisance can be assisted,
and thus the value of birds as a feature of the
landscape, as insect destroyers, and as vocalists can be
more and more demonstrated and appreciated.</p>
<p>There is a book, large and bulky, yet within the
reach of every one; little work is required to handle
it, for its pages are always open, and it is written in
the universal language. It costs nothing to read many
chapters, yet, as in all good things, a little patience
and some experience will assist greatly in acquiring a
fair understanding of its contents. In this great Book
of Nature will be found much concerning that rich and
varied division of animal life to which has been given
the name of Birds, and its relation to the welfare and
enjoyment of humanity.</p>
<p>Certain helps have been invented by the experiences
and intelligence of man to assist those who through inattention,
<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[ vi ]</SPAN></span>
unfavorable environment, or otherwise, have
been unable to acquire that knowledge of this book
essential to a correct understanding of their relation
to animated nature.</p>
<p>Such a help is this little volume, which it is hoped
may prove useful and instructive to many whose knowledge
of bird life is small, and also be well worth a reading
by those whose more extended opportunities have
permitted a wider knowledge of ornithology.</p>
<p class="tdr2">WILLIAM PALMER.</p>
<p class="p0"><span class="smcap">National Museum,<br/>
Washington, D.C.</span></p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[ vii ]</SPAN></span></p>
<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0"><span class="smcap">Seek</span> the children, little book:<br/></span>
<span class="i2">Bid them love the bird's retreat,<br/></span>
<span class="i0">By the brook and woodland nook,<br/></span>
<span class="i2">In the garden, in the street,<br/></span>
<span class="i0">In the tree above the shed,<br/></span>
<span class="i2">Underneath the old barn eaves,<br/></span>
<span class="i0">In their bed high overhead,<br/></span>
<span class="i2">Where their crazy-quilts are leaves.<br/></span></div>
<div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">Bid them find their secrets out,<br/></span>
<span class="i2">How to understand their words.<br/></span>
<span class="i0">Play the scout in woods about.<br/></span>
<span class="i2">Listen slyly for the birds.<br/></span>
<span class="i0">Hark! I hear a child-bird say,<br/></span>
<span class="i2">Piping softly in the dell,<br/></span>
<span class="i0">"You may stay and see us play,<br/></span>
<span class="i2">If you only love us well."<br/></span></div>
</div>
<p class="p0 pmb2"><i>Pasadena, Cal.</i></p>
<hr class="chap" />
<p> <span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[ viii ]</SPAN></span></p>
<p> <span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ ix ]</SPAN></span></p>
<h2><SPAN name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS.</SPAN></h2>
<table class="tblcont" summary="Contents">
<tr>
<td class="tdr smaller">CHAPTER</td>
<td></td>
<td class="tdr smaller">PAGE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#INTRODUCTION">iii</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">I.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">The Message of a Mocking-bird</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_I">1</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">II.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Some People we like to Know</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_II">5</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">III.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Civilized Birds</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_III">9</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">IV.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">How Birds Dress</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_IV">13</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">V.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">How Madam Bird combs her Hair</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_V">18</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">VI.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">What Birds carry in their Pockets</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_VI">22</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">VII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Child Birds</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_VII">28</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">VIII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">How Baby Birds are Fed</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_VIII">33</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">IX.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">At Meal-time</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_IX">39</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">X.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Seed-eaters and Meat-eaters</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_X">45</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XI.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Some Birds with a Bad Name</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XI">50</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Before Breakfast</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XII">57</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XIII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Our Birds' Restaurant—Meals at All Hours</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XIII">62</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XIV.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Umbrellas and Other Things</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XIV">68</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XV.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Cradle Making</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XV">73</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XVI.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Our Screech Owl</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XVI">78</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XVII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Birds at Work and Play</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XVII">83</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XVIII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Some Other Birds at Work</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XVIII">89</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XIX.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">A Pet Humming-bird</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XIX">97</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XX.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">How we took the Humming-birds' Pictures</span>
<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[ x ]</SPAN></span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XX">100</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XXI.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Our Robin Redbreast</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XXI">107</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XXII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">More about Our Robin</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XXII">111</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XXIII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Going to Bed and getting up</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XXIII">116</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XXIV.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Mrs. Towhee proposes a Garden Party</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XXIV">123</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XXV.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">At the Garden Party</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XXV">129</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XXVI.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Our Bird Hospital</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XXVI">137</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdr2">XXVII.</td>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">A Splendid Collection</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#CHAPTER_XXVII">141</SPAN></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr class="tb" />
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[ xi ]</SPAN></span></p>
<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT.</h2>
<table class="tblcont" summary="Illustrations">
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="tdr smaller">PAGE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Mocking-bird</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_1">2</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">The Young Mocking-bird that lost its Tail in the Door</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_2">4</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Crow Blackbird</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_3">11</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Turkey Buzzard</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_4">15</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Mountain Quail</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_5">20</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Ruby-crowned Kinglet</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_6">23</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Short-eared Owl</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_7">24</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Nest full of Young Birds</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_8">27</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Linnet</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_9">30</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Humming-bird feeding her Young</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_10">35</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Blue Jay</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_11">38</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Downy Woodpecker</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_12">42</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Chimney Swift</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_13">46</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Arkansas Goldfinch</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_14">47</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">King-bird</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_15">51</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Loggerhead Shrike</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_16">53</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">English Sparrow</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_17">55</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Brown Towhee</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_18">58</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Song Sparrow</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_19">64</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Baltimore Oriole</span>
<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[ xii ]</SPAN></span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_20">75</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Ground Owl</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_21">77</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Screech Owl</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_22">79</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Barn Swallow</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_23">87</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Marsh Owl</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_24">88</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Costa's Humming-bird</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_25">89</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Cat-bird</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_26">94</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Brown Thrush</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_27">95</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Anna's Humming-birds</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_28">105</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Robin</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_29">108</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Western Bluebird</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_30">117</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Whip-poor-will</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_31">121</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Phœbe</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_32">124</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Flicker</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_33">127</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">California Bush-tit and Nest</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_34">132</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Meadow Lark</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_35">135</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Wax-wing</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_36">139</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Snowy Heron</span></td>
<td class="tdr"><SPAN href="#fig_37">143</SPAN></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr class="tb" />
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[ 1 ]</SPAN></span></p>
<p class="pmt4 caption1">OUR FEATHERED FRIENDS.</p>
<div class="fig_center" style="width: 86px;">
<ANTIMG src="images/swirl.png" width-obs="86" height-obs="12" alt="fancy swirl" /></div>
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