<center><b>WORDS USED WITH THE OBJECT.</b></center>
<p>As already said, when an adjective or participle (or a noun)
is added to the object simply as a describing word, it takes
<i>n</i> like the object, as <i>Li perdis sian novan libron</i>
(<i>aŭ</i>, sian libron novan), He lost his new book.
<i>Ŝi trankviligis la kriegantan infanon</i> (aŭ, <i>la
infanon kriegantan</i>), She pacified the screaming child. <i>Li
vizitis sian fraton Johanon</i>, He visited his brother John.
("John" shows <i>which</i> brother).</p>
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<p>But if the adjective, participle, or noun is used not merely
to describe, but indirectly to tell something about the object,
it does not take <i>n</i>. A comparison of the following
sentences will make this clear:—</p>
<center>
<table>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" valign="top">1.�</td>
<td><i>Li trovis la pomojn maturajn</i>. He found the ripe
apples.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Li trovis la pomojn maturaj</i>. He found (that) the
apples (were) ripe.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" valign="top">2.�</td>
<td><i>Li trovis la kruĉon rompitan</i>. He found the broken
jug.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Li trovis la kruĉon rompita</i>. He found (that) the
jug (was) broken.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" valign="top">3.�</td>
<td><i>Li kolorigis la drapon ruĝan</i>. He dyed the red
cloth.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Li kolorigis la drapon ruĝa</i>. He dyed the cloth
red.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" valign="top">4.�</td>
<td><i>Li tranĉis (aŭ faris) la veston tro
mallongan</i>. He cut (or made) the too-short coat (the coat that
was too short).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Li tranĉis la veston tro mallonga</i>. He cut the
coat (so that it was) too short.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">5.�</td>
<td><i>Li nomis la knabon mensogisto</i>. He called the boy a
liar.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<p>Compare this use of words with the following:—</p>
<p>He made his father angry (or, be angered). <i>Li kolerigis
sian patron</i>, or, <i>li igis sian patron kolera</i>.</p>
<p>The loss drove him mad. <i>La perdo frenezigis lin</i>, or,
<i>igis lin freneza</i>.</p>
<p>It rendered the gun useless. <i>Ĝi senutiligis la
pafilon</i>, or, <i>igis la pafilon senutila</i>.</p>
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