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<center><b>JOINING WORDS. CONJUNCTIONS.</b></center>
<p>Certain words are used merely to join words or sentences.
Those already learned are:—</p>
<center>
<table cellspacing="8">
<tr>
<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kaj</i>, and.<br/>
<i>sed</i>, but.<br/>
<i>ĉar</i>, because, for.<br/>
<i>ankaŭ</i>, also.<br/>
<i>ol</i>, than.<br/>
<i>se</i>, if.<br/>
<i>aŭ</i>, or.</td>
<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ĉu</i>, whether.<br/>
<i>ke</i>, that.<br/>
<i>kvazaŭ</i>, as if.<br/>
<i>kvankam</i>, although.<br/>
<i>almenaŭ</i>, at least.<br/>
<i>tamen</i>, however.<br/>
<i>do</i>, then, therefore.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<p>The following are also useful:—</p>
<center>
<table cellspacing="8">
<tr>
<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kaj</i> ... <i>kaj</i>, both ...
and.<br/>
<i>aŭ</i> ... <i>aŭ</i>, either ... or.<br/>
<i>ĉu</i> ... <i>aŭ</i>, whether ... or.<br/>
<i>ĉu</i> ... <i>ĉu</i>, whether ... whether.</td>
<td nowrap valign="top"><i>nek</i> ... <i>nek</i>, neither ...
nor.<br/>
<i>eĉ se</i>, even if.<br/>
<i>same kiel</i>, the same as.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<center><b>EXCLAMATIONS. INTERJECTIONS.</b></center>
<p>The following are simply exclamations of joy grief, surprise,
etc.:—</p>
<center>
<table cellspacing="8">
<tr>
<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ah!</i> aha! ah!<br/>
<i>ha!</i> ah!<br/>
<i>he!</i> halloo! hey!<br/>
<i>hm!</i> hm! humph!<br/>
<i>ho!</i> oh!<br/>
<i>oho!</i> ho!<br/>
<i>ho ve!</i> alas!<br/>
<i>for!</i> away!<br/>
<i>fi!</i> for shame!<br/>
<i>nu!</i> well (now)!<br/>
<i>nu do!</i> well (now) then!<br/>
<i>ja!</i> indeed!<br/>
<i>jen!</i> there! look! behold!<br/>
<i>bis!</i> again! encore!</td>
<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kia!</i> what!<br/>
<i>bone!</i> good! all right!<br/>
<i>brave!</i> bravo!<br/>
<i>hura!</i> hurrah!<br/>
<i>vere!</i> truly!<br/>
<i>efektive!</i> really!<br/>
<i>adiaŭ!</i> goodbye!<br/>
<i>bonvenu!</i> welcome!<br/>
<i>kompreneble!</i> of course!<br/>
<i>vivu!</i> long live!<br/>
<i>antaŭen!</i> forward!<br/>
<i>ĉu vere?</i> is it true?<br/>
<i>ĉu ne?</i> is it not?</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
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<center><b>COMPOUND WORDS.</b></center>
<p>It is often convenient to form compound words, as
<i>poŝtkarto</i>, <i>forpeli</i>, <i>ĉiuminute</i>,
<i>stacidomo</i>, <i>senmove</i>, <i>telertuketo</i>. When this
is done, the word expressing the principal idea is placed
last.</p>
<p>Generally it is sufficient to use the <i>root</i> of the
qualifying word, but if the sound or sense requires it, the whole
word is taken, as <i>unutaga</i> means "of one day";
<i>unuataga</i>, "of the first day."</p>
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