<div class="chaptext" id="l43"><SPAN name="less43"></SPAN>
<div class="lesson">LESSON XLIII.</div>
<div class="chaphead">HOW PEOPLE LIVE AND WHAT THEY ARE DOING</div>
<br/>
<p>Can you think of anything used in building houses that does not
come from the earth?</p>
<p>Do all people have large, fine houses of brick or stone to live in?
What is a tent?</p>
<table summary="illustration" class="centeredimage" width="100" cellpadding="5"
cellspacing="0" border="0">
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<td><SPAN href="images/082_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill82"><ANTIMG src=
"images/082.jpg" border="0" alt="WIGWAMS." /></SPAN></td>
</tr>
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<td>
<div class="caption">WIGWAMS.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>A wigwam? Who live in huts? Did you ever hear of people who live in
snow houses?</p>
<table summary="illustration" class="centeredimage" width="100" cellpadding="5"
cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><SPAN href="images/081_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill81"><ANTIMG src=
"images/081.jpg" border="0" alt="DID YOU EVER HEAR OF PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN SNOW HOUSES?" /></SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="caption">DID YOU EVER HEAR OF PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN SNOW
HOUSES?</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>In some places houses are built of bamboo. Bamboo is a kind of cane
that grows in warm countries.</p>
<table summary="illustration" class="centeredimage" width="100" cellpadding="5"
cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><SPAN href="images/083_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill83"><ANTIMG src=
"images/083.jpg" border="0" alt="HOUSES BUILT OF BAMBOO." /></SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="caption">HOUSES BUILT OF BAMBOO.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>What building is now going up in this place? Tell the use of stone,
brick, mortar, iron, tin, lead, and glass in building the house.
Where and how are they obtained?</p>
<table summary="illustration" width="100" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="5"
cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><SPAN href="images/084_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill84"><ANTIMG src=
"images/084.jpg" border="0" alt="WHO LIVE IN HUTS?" /></SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="caption">WHO LIVE IN HUTS?</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>We could not live without food. We must also have clothes to wear
and houses to live in. Besides these, we need schools, books, and
churches, which make us wiser and better. Now, if you think a
little, you can name many other things which we need to make our
homes beautiful. To supply us with all of these things, men must do
many different kinds of work.</p>
<p>Where does the food we eat come from?</p>
<p>We get most of it from plants. Wheat, corn, peas, and beans are
seeds of plants. Almost all our bread is made from wheat. Beets,
turnips, and radishes are roots of plants. Lettuce and cabbage are
the leaves of plants.</p>
<table summary="illustration" width="100" border="0" align="right" cellpadding="5"
cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><SPAN href="images/085_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill85"><ANTIMG src=
"images/085.jpg" border="0" alt="OUR BREAD IS MADE FROM WHEAT." /></SPAN></td>
</tr>
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<td>
<div class="caption">OUR BREAD IS MADE FROM WHEAT.</div>
</td>
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</table>
<p>Apples, peaches, pears, and other fruits grow on plants. All these
we use for food.</p>
<p>Plants also supply us with material for clothing. Some clothes are
made from cotton; cotton grows in the pod of a plant. Some clothes
are made from linen; linen comes from flax, which is a plant. Hats
are made from straw; straw is the stem or stalk of plants.</p>
<p>Now, these plants, which supply us with so much of our food and
clothing, do not grow of themselves.</p>
<p>The ground must be plowed, the seeds planted and taken care of
while growing. So, outside the city, you may see a great many
people at work raising grain, vegetables, and other plants. This
occupation we call <i>agriculture</i> or <i>farming;</i> the people
we call farmers.</p>
<table summary="illustration" width="100" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="5"
cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><SPAN href="images/086_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill86"><ANTIMG src=
"images/086.jpg" border="0" alt="HERDS OF COWS AND OXEN FEEDING." /></SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="caption">HERDS OF COWS AND OXEN FEEDING.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Animals, as well as plants, furnish much of our food. All meat
comes from animals. We get milk from cows. From milk we make butter
and cheese.</p>
<p>Animals also supply us with clothing. Many articles of dress are
made of wool. Wool, you know, grows on the sheep. Shoes and kid
gloves are made of leather. Leather is made from the hides of cows;
sheep, oxen, and goats.</p>
<p>But animals could not live and grow if people did not carefully
raise them. In the country, yon may see flocks of sheep and herds
of cows and oxen feeding on the fresh sweet grass of the pastures.
Those animals are called stock. The business of those who raise
them is called <i>stock-raising.</i></p>
<p>Most farmers raise cows, horses, and other animals. Which land does
the farmer use for pasture? What is a pasture? What is a
meadow?</p>
<p>Grazing means feeding on grass. What animals have you seen grazing?
Does a dog graze? A cow?</p>
<p>Mountains, so rough and rocky, are not good for farms and gardens.
But many of them contain coal, on which millions of people depend
for heat and light. In mountains, too, we find iron, which is more
useful to us than gold and silver.</p>
<p><SPAN href="images/087_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill87"><ANTIMG src=
"images/087.1.jpg" alt="A MINE IS LIKE A GREAT CAVERN." border="0"
align="right" /> <ANTIMG src="images/087.2.jpg" alt="A MINE IS LIKE A GREAT CAVERN." border="0" align="right" /></SPAN> To
get these, thousands of men are at work in places called mines. A
mine is like a great cavern. There is neither sun nor sky. Torches
and lamps give the only light the miners have to see by. The air is
damp and close. I suppose you would not like to work in such a
place. Yet great numbers of persons are employed in
<i>mining.</i></p>
<p>How is coal taken out of a mine? What are the dangers of
coal-mining? Try to find answers to these questions for yourself.
If necessary, your teacher will help you.</p>
<p>In some parts of the country are forests of pine, oak, and other
trees. Some of these forests are so large we might travel for days
or weeks through them. From trees we get lumber. Lumber is needed
for building houses and ships, and for furniture. So a great many
men are employed in cutting down trees and preparing the wood for
use. This is called <i>lumbering</i>.</p>
<p>The lumbermen go into the woods in winter, and build themselves
little huts to live in. All through the winter months they work in
the woods from sunrise to sunset, felling the best trees and
cutting them into logs. Then they haul them over the snow-covered
ground to the frozen streams, and pile them upon the banks.</p>
<p><SPAN href="images/088_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill88"><ANTIMG src=
"images/088.1.jpg" alt="THEY WORK IN THE WOODS." border="0" align=
"left" /> <ANTIMG src="images/088.2.jpg" alt="THEY WORK IN THE WOODS."
border="0" align="left" /></SPAN> Here the logs must rest till the
snow and ice have melted and the streams are full. Then they are
floated down to the great saw-mills; and cut up into boards, laths,
shingles, and other kinds of lumber.</p>
<p>What is a forest? Name some forest trees that grow near your
home.</p>
<table summary="illustration" width="100" border="0" align="right" cellpadding="5"
cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><SPAN href="images/089_l.gif" target="_blank" id="ill89"><ANTIMG src=
"images/089.jpg" border="0" alt="IT IS THE BUSINESS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE." /></SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="caption">IT IS THE BUSINESS OF THOUSANDS OF
PEOPLE.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The sea yields much that we eat. Some parts abound in codfish,
mackerel, and herring. Sardines, the little fish that come in
boxes, are also found in the sea. It is the business of thousands
of people who live near the ocean to catch fish, salt them, and
pack them, to send to those who want them for food.</p>
<p>Have you ever seen the ocean, or eaten any of its fish?</p>
<p>Name some fishes found in fresh water.</p>
<p>Name some kinds of fishes found in waters near where you live. How
may they be caught?</p>
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